Arkansas Esthetician Practice Exam

What is keratinization?

1. Conversion of muscle into fat cells

2. Division of squamous cells

3. Chemical conversion of living cells into dead protein cells

4. Production of collagen

The correct answer is: Chemical conversion of living cells into dead protein cells

Keratinization is the process in which living cells in the epidermis are transformed into dead cells filled with keratin, a protective protein that makes up the outer layer of skin, hair, and nails. This process is essential for forming a barrier that protects underlying tissues from environmental damage, pathogens, and moisture loss. This transformation involves the gradual loss of the cell's nucleus and other organelles, leading to the production of a dense cell layer that provides strength and durability. As a result, the correct option highlights the significance of keratinization in skin health and function, reflecting the ultimate goal of this biological process. In contrast, the other options refer to different biological processes. For example, converting muscle into fat cells does not relate to skin structure or function. The division of squamous cells pertains more to cell proliferation rather than transformation into keratinized cells. Lastly, the production of collagen relates to the skin's structural support but is not directly linked to keratinization, which specifically focuses on keratin formation.